Pediatric surgery for congenital anomalies is generally advised once a disorder is detected that endangers the health of the baby or affects normal development. In some cases, very early surgeries (neonatal surgery) may be required within a few hours after birth to repair defects in the esophagus or bowels. Specialists assess babies and infants and determine the safest and most appropriate time for surgery, considering the urgency of the condition and the baby's stability. Early surgical treatment is often important to support normal feeding, breathing, and organ development during the most critical stages of infancy.